Con relación a la sentencia 0961/2021 dictada por la Primera Sala de la Suprema Corte de Justicia (SCJ) en fecha 28 de abril de 2021 sobre el recurso de casación interpuesto contra una entidad bancaria y que fue difundida en una nota de prensa del Poder Judicial, es preciso aclarar que:
-El fallo del tribunal se produce como consecuencia de una demanda en “Devolución de Valores y Daños y Perjuicios” interpuesta por un usuario en contra de una entidad de intermediación financiera (EIF) en el año 2012 y que fue rechazada tanto en primera instancia como por la Corte de Apelación. En ese orden, se comprobó que el cliente recibió en su cuenta nómina, un crédito por error de parte de su empleador, quien contactó al banco para que procediera con el débito y acreditara dicho monto en la cuenta correcta, a lo cual la EIF procedió de inmediato.
-En razón de lo antes expuesto, las sentencias de primera instancia, de la Corte de Apelación y de la propia Suprema Corte de Justicia, descargan de responsabilidad al banco, porque no se puede alegar daños y perjuicios cuando los fondos debitados de su cuenta no corresponden al cliente.
-Lo señalado en la nota de prensa que comparte la SCJ solo reitera lo ya establecido en las normativas bancarias desde hace años y obedece a una práctica común en las entidades financieras, en fiel cumplimiento a la ley, razón por la cual la sentencia sólo confirma el correcto proceder del banco.
-Es preciso resaltar que no debe confundirse el contexto de la sentencia. En ese sentido, recordamos que, acorde a la normativa vigente, los contratos de los bancos múltiples, tanto de cuentas como de préstamos, se encuentran debidamente autorizados y registrados en el Departamento de Protección al Usuario de la Superintendencia de Bancos de la República Dominicana. En estos se establece expresamente la autorización del titular al banco para debitar o compensar las sumas y valores que el cliente adeude a la EIF por concepto de capital, intereses o accesorios.
-Por todo lo anterior, reiteramos que el citado fallo no implica una nueva disposición ni revela incumplimiento de las normativas por parte de las entidades financieras, sino por el contrario, confirma la manera oportuna y adecuada en el manejo del banco en cuanto a la autorización de los clientes para debitar fondos de sus cuentas.
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