Medio Ambiente

AIRD señala Ley favorecerá gestión integral de residuos sólidos

1 de March de 2021
Equipo de Redacción
191 Comments

La Ley de Residuos Sólidos constituye un instrumento jurídico sumamente necesario para la adecuada gestión integral de los residuos a nivel nacional y su aplicación impactará positivamente el medio ambiente a la vez permitirá aprovechar los residuos como recursos con valor económico, desarrollando un mercado que está en crecimiento en todo el mundo e impulsando procesos de economía circular.

Así lo declararon Circe Almánzar, vicepresidente ejecutiva de la Asociación de Industrias de la República Dominicana (AIRD); Víctor D´Aza, secretario general de la Liga Municipal Dominicana; Kelvin Cruz, presidente de la Federación Dominicana de Municipios, y las expertas en el tema Dania Heredia, Izarelli Rosillo y Mariely Ponciano al participar en un webinar sobre la Ley de Residuos Sólidos y su aplicación en República Dominicana.

Almánzar aseguró que “esta Ley fomentará la reducción, reutilización, reciclaje, aprovechamiento y valorización, así como regular los sistemas de recolección, transporte y barrido; los sitios de disposición final, estaciones de transferencia, centros de acopio y plantas de valorización de los mismos”. Expresó que “su finalidad social es garantizar el derecho de toda persona a habitar en un medio ambiente sano, proteger la salud de la población, así como disminuir la generación de gases de efecto invernadero, emitidos por los residuos”.

Víctor D´Aza, al tratar sobre la Misión de la LMD en relación a la aplicación de la Ley, afirmó que la Liga es consciente del gravísimo problema de los residuos sólidos urbanos y la necesidad de emprender acciones inmediatas para su solución.

Informó que desde la LMD han iniciado el Programa “Limpio mi país” que tiene por ejes de actuación un impulso a la educación y al cambio cultural, garantizar el servicio por los gobiernos locales, diseñar e impulsar soluciones factibles a la disposición final de los residuos, identificar y poner en marcha acciones que permitan la valorización por parte del sector emprendedor de residuos valorizables, disponer de capacidad de respuesta para la clausura y cierre técnico de botaderos, y actuar como ente regulador de la prestación del servicio para el sector municipal.

Kelvin Cruz, presidente de FEDOMU, al hablar de los retos de los municipios en relación a la Ley de Residuos dijo que es necesario crear conciencia en la ciudadanía y que FEDOMU está en la mejor disposición de servir de canal de mensajes educativos que produzcan un antes y un después en la historia de los residuos sólidos del país.

Expresó que es importante crear articulación entre el Gobierno Central, los gobiernos locales, el sector empresarial y Medio Ambiente, lo cual conducirá a nuevas soluciones en la gestión de residuos sólidos.

Dania Heredia, vicepresidente del Consejo Directivo de Ecored, al abordar el tema de los instrumentos económicos y financieros para la gestión integral de residuos, señaló que la sostenibilidad financiera juega un papel sumamente importante lo cual requiere instrumentos que la garanticen. Al hablar de estos instrumentos económicos hizo mención de un régimen de incentivo, de una contribución especial para la gestión integral de residuos sólidos, el bono verde y un fideicomiso público-privado.

Dijo que el régimen de incentivos tiene una duración limitada y que incluye la exoneración por un período de cinco años a partir de la publicación de la Ley, contemplando tres pilares: exoneración del 100%de ISR, excluyendo los dividendos; exoneración del 100% del Impuesto a los Activos, y exoneración del 100% de los aranceles e ITBIS de las maquinarias y equipos necesarios para sus operaciones.

Las actividades que se priorizarán con estos incentivos son: proyectos que reduzcan gases de efecto invernadero, el ahorro de consumo de recursos naturales por la incorporación de sistemas, equipos, tecnología que se destinen a aprovechar residuos; las acciones y desarrollo de tecnología para la transformación de residuos en materias primas; la investigación científica y tecnológica que busque evitar, reducir o controlar la contaminación generada por residuos e incremente su valorización y aprovechamiento; proyectos de coprocesamiento que utilicen los residuos como combustible alterno mediante procesos no contaminantes, entre otros.

“Sin los beneficios de los incentivos, sin el desarrollo del bono verde, sin la correcta ejecución del fideicomiso y su funcionamiento, prácticamente será cuesta arriba poder implementar la Ley de una manera adecuada, pues quedará coja”, afirmó Heredia.

Mientras que la consultora internacional Izarelli Rosillo abordó el tema de la Responsabilidad Extendida del Productor (REP) que se define como las responsabilidades de los productores, a la etapa de post consumo cn el ciclo de vida de sus productos, ya que la responsabilidad de las implicaciones legales de las empresas, en relación con el impacto al ambiente, no acaba con la venta de sus productos.

Sostuvo que en República Dominicana es factible implementar un modelo integral de REP, mediante el cual se establece una planeación estratégica que a corto plazo regula de forma directa, a mediano y largo plazo por acuerdo, solo en razón a las tasas de recuperación y reciclaje (si no hay acuerdos, la norma establece el incremento gradual de tasas).

Afirmó que en este contexto, la REP es una herramienta de la economía circular. “Si República Dominicana quiere transitar hacia una economía circular es imperante reconocer que no existe economía circular sin responsabilidad extendida del productor”.

Finalmente, Ponciano, quien es coordinadora del Proyecto de Economía Circular de la AIRD, explicó que más del 80% de los residuos generados pueden ser valorizados. “Esperamos que sean cada vez menor el porcentaje de residuos que van a disposición final”.

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