La economía circular se basa en la fórmula 3R: reducir, reciclar y reutilizar, para disminuir el consumo de materiales vírgenes que conlleva una sobreexplotación de la naturaleza, y la generación de los residuos que no puedan ser aprovechables y generan contaminación.
BRIDGETOWN, 2 feb 2021 (IPS) – La región de América Latina y el Caribe lanzó este martes 2 la iniciativa Coalición de Economía Circular, para transitar hacia un sistema económico sostenible como parte de la recuperación postcovid-19, al cerrar en esta capital de Barbados la XXII reunión anual de su Foro de Ministros de Medio Ambiente.
Carlos Correa, ministro de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sostenible de Colombia y presidente de la naciente coalición, dijo que “es urgente construir una visión regional común sobre la economía circular”, y la nueva iniciativa “ayudará a implementar prácticas concretas y medibles” para dar soporte al nuevo modelo.
“El planeta ya no puede soportar nuestra manera de extraer, usar y desperdiciar recursos”, sentenció Correa.
La iniciativa, coordinada por el Programa de las Naciones Unidas para el Medio Ambiente (Pnuma), tendrá un comité directivo compuesto por cuatro representantes gubernamentales de alto nivel que se renovarán cada dos años, comenzando por Colombia, Costa Rica, Perú y República Dominicana para el período 2021-2022.
La economía circular propone un modelo económico resiliente, diverso e inclusivo, que crea oportunidades para un crecimiento sostenible, contrario a la mentalidad de “tomar, fabricar y desechar”, coincidieron en destacar los participantes en esta edición del Foro, desarrollada de manera virtual..
Su estrategia tiene como objetivo reducir tanto la entrada de los materiales vírgenes como la producción de desechos, cerrando los «bucles» o flujos económicos y ecológicos de los recursos, y su propuesta básica se condensa en “3R”: reducir, reciclar, reutilizar.
Más allá de la producción y el consumo de bienes y servicios, abarca el cambio de los combustibles de fósiles al uso de la energía renovable, y la diversificación como medio de alcanzar la resiliencia.
La pandemia ofrece a los países la oportunidad de elaborar planes de recuperación que reviertan las tendencias actuales y cambien patrones de consumo y producción hacia un futuro más sostenible, coincidieron los participantes en el Foro.
Por ejemplo, 3n la región 50 por ciento de los residuos sólidos son materia orgánica, de la que 90 por ciento no se usa o va a la basura. Según la Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe, mejorar la eficiencia y la vida útil de materiales en esta parte del mundo podría crear cinco millones de nuevos empleos.
Agencias de Naciones Unidas recuerdan que, cada año, un tercio de toda la comida producida en el mundo (unos 1300 millones de toneladas con un valor cercano al billón de dólares) acaba pudriéndose en los cubos de basura o estropeándose debido a un transporte y unas prácticas de recolección deficientes.
Si todo el mundo cambiase sus bombillas por unas energéticamente eficientes, se ahorrarían 120 000 millones de dólares al año.
En caso de que la población mundial alcance los 9600 millones de personas en 2050, se podría necesitar el equivalente a casi tres planetas para proporcionar los recursos naturales necesarios para mantener los estilos de vida actuales.
“Es tiempo de reconocer que los patrones de producción y consumo son la causa fundamental de la triple crisis planetaria del cambio climático, la pérdida de biodiversidad y la contaminación”, expresó Leo Heileman, director regional del Pnuma en América Latina y el Caribe.
Ante la crisis generada por la covid, Heileman dijo a los ministros en el Foro que “aprovechemos esta oportunidad única para repensar nuestra economía lineal y reconfigurar esos patrones insostenibles”.
La novel coalición tiene como objetivo implementar un enfoque de economía circular mediante el trabajo colaborativo entre gobiernos, empresas –con particular atención al financiamiento de las pequeñas y medianas- y la sociedad en su conjunto.
Los ministros la inscribieron dentro de la Agenda 2030 de las Naciones Unidas y sus objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS).
Heileman destacó “el énfasis en el ODS 12, de Producción y Consumo Responsables, a través de la promoción de la innovación, la infraestructura sostenible y una economía inclusiva y circular”.
La coalición ya se dotó de ocho socios estratégicos permanentes, comenzando con la fundación británica Ellen MacArthur, la alemana Konrad Adenauer, la Plataforma para Acelerar la Economía Circular, el Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo y el Foro Económico Mundial.
También, con la Organización de las Naciones Unidas para el Desarrollo Industrial, el Pnuma y la Convención Marco de la ONU sobre el Cambio Climático.
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