BARRANQUILLA, Colombia — El Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo pondrá una serie de herramientas financieras y no financieras a disposición de los países y las empresas de América Latina y el Caribe, para apoyar su inserción internacional e impulsar su recuperación económica tras la pandemia, el presidente del BID, Mauricio Claver-Carone anunció hoy.
El conjunto de medidas incluye préstamos con y sin garantía soberana, financiamiento no reembolsable para programas de cooperaciones técnicas, y servicios de asesoría financiera.
El anuncio fue realizado durante un seminario virtual sobre cadenas regionales de valor, en el marco de la Reunión Anual del BID que está ocurriendo en formato virtual en la ciudad colombiana de Barranquilla.
“América Latina y el Caribe debe hacer un esfuerzo para lograr una mayor integración regional que, a su vez, le permita insertarse de manera más eficiente al mundo”, dijo Claver-Carone. “Colombia es ya sede de relocalización de actividades de servicios tecnológicos, alimentos y bebidas, plásticos y resinas y tiene un fuerte potencial en sectores de la industria farmacéutica, manufacturas e insumos para calzado, prendas de vestir y textiles, y la industria automotriz”.
“Desde el BID ejerceremos un rol de socio estratégico para apoyar la inserción de Colombia y de toda la región en las cadenas globales y regionales de valor y crear las oportunidades y el empleo que nuestros ciudadanos necesitan”, agregó.
El seminario, “Inversión y fortalecimiento de cadenas regionales de valor como motor para la recuperación económica ”, contó además con la participación del presidente de Colombia, Iván Duque; el secretario general de la Organización para la Cooperación y el Desarrollo Económicos (OCDE), Ángel Gurría; el ministro de Comercio, Industria y Turismo de Colombia, José Manuel Restrepo; el gerente del Sector de Integración y Comercio del BID, Fabrizio Opertti; y varios ejecutivos del sector privado.
América Latina y el Caribe tienen una baja participación en las cadenas globales de valor, tanto en su porcentaje de participación como en las etapas en las que participa, mayormente concentradas en la exportación de materias primas o derivados. Por ejemplo, el valor agregado extranjero incorporado en las exportaciones de los países de la región ha oscilado en torno a 18 y 19 por ciento durante los últimos 30 años, mientras que ese mismo valor alcanza el 33 por ciento para Asia y el 43 por ciento para los países de la Unión Europea.
La explicación se debe a diversas razones, incluyendo la persistencia de políticas restrictivas de comercio, altos costos de transporte y rezagos en el desempeño logístico, altos costos de información y deficiencia en la infraestructura de conectividad. El limitado acceso al financiamiento también influye en la falta de inserción de las empresas en las cadenas regionales y globales de valor.
Una mayor participación es clave a medida que los países buscan vías de recuperación económica que genere empleos de alta calidad tras la pandemia Covid-19. El BID estima que al fortalecer sus cadenas regionales de valor en el hemisferio, América Latina y el Caribe podría aumentar sus exportaciones hacia Estados Unidos en US$70.000 millones con incrementos graduales en sectores como textiles, productos médicos y automotrices.
Las herramientas con las que cuenta el BID buscan fortalecer a las agencias de promoción de inversiones, mejorar la infraestructura física y digital del comercio, y avanzar en la agenda pendiente de modernización y armonización de acuerdos comerciales y de marcos regulatorios y normativos.
Por cada dólar invertido en programas de promoción de exportaciones se generan hasta US$45 en exportaciones adicionales. Estudios del BID indican que una reducción del 10 por ciento en los costos de fletes internacionales de América Latina y el Caribe impulsaría los valores de exportación en al menos un 30 por ciento y aumentaría los productos exportados en un 25 por ciento, tanto dentro de la región como hacia los Estados Unidos.
Acerca del BID
El Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo tiene como misión mejorar vidas. Fundado en 1959, el BID es una de las principales fuentes de financiamiento a largo plazo para el desarrollo económico, social e institucional de América Latina y el Caribe. El BID también realiza proyectos de investigación de vanguardia y ofrece asesoría sobre políticas, asistencia técnica y capacitación a clientes públicos y privados en toda la región.
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