A pesar de los avances registrados en materia de diversificación de los productos que se ofertan en el mercado internacional y del esfuerzo público-privado para generar encadenamiento productivo, las exportaciones dominicanas han registrado
un desempeño inferior a lo esperado cuando se compara con países similares en la región.
Un informe presentado ayer por el Banco Mundial, fundamentado en datos de 2012, da cuenta de que dado el nivel de desarrollo de la economía, el volumen de las exportaciones ha mostrado un dinamismo menor al esperado, e identifica tres desafíos a enfrentar para lograr un mayor impulso en los mercados internacionales: la calidad de los productos, la dualidad de la canasta exportadora, y la concentración excesiva de mercados.
En este diagnóstico de competitividad comercial “Cómo mantener el dinamismo exportador en la República Dominicana”, presentado por José Daniel Reyes y Miguel Eduardo Sánchez, se señala que el país tiene una canasta exportadora dual, que da un trato preferencial a empresas que participan dentro del régimen de Zonas Económicas Especiales (ZEEs), en detrimento de otros sectores productivos.
El informe sostiene que el país se encuentra en una coyuntura que demanda sostener discusiones interinstitucionales, que incluya a todos los actores, para reconsiderar la política de incentivos y la infraestructura de soporte a los exportadores, con el objetivo de alcanzar su potencial en comercio exterior. Agrega que ese régimen de incentivo, además de crear distorsiones tiene un costo de 1% del PIB.
Asimismo, refiere que aunque República Dominicana ha diversificado su cartera de productos, no ha sido igual con los mercados, ya que muestra un alto grado de dependencia de Estados Unidos y Haití, países que representan el 70% de las exportaciones totales, y el crecimiento de las mismas desde el 2000 fueron menores que en Colombia, Honduras, Costa Rica y El Salvador. Al finalizar la presentación, los técnicos del BM consideraron que el país debe adoptar una serie de reformas que permitan mejorar la calidad de sus productos agrarios, fortalecer su estructura productiva y abrirse a nuevos mercados.
Indentificaron tres oportunidades: aplicar la integración vertical para no competir únicamente en costos; facilitar el vínculo de la Zonas Francas con el resto de la economía; y exportar productos a nuevos polos, como Brasil o China. La presentación del informe contó con la moderación del representante en el país del Banco Mundial, McDonald Benjamin, y de Cecile Niang, además de las exposiciones de autoridades públicas y representantes de las zonas francas.
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