Si hay algo que la pandemia de COVID-19 ha demostrado es la importancia fundamental de las tecnologías digitales. Debido al distanciamiento social, la conectividad ha permitido a las personas mantenerse informadas, trabajar, estudiar y conservar su bienestar mental y físico. Sin embargo, quienes no tienen acceso a Internet están en una gran desventaja económica y social . En la región de América Latina y el Caribe, el acceso a banda ancha de Internet no llega al 50% de la población, lo que se traduce en exclusión digital y menos oportunidades para muchos.
Las tecnologías brindan una oportunidad para que los países aceleren su crecimiento y conecten a los ciudadanos con servicios y empleos. Además, pueden desbloquear soluciones innovadoras para los desafíos de desarrollo más complejos. La economía digital equivale al 15.5% del producto interno bruto (PIB) mundial, creciendo dos veces y media más rápido que el PIB mundial en los últimos 15 años.
Algunas acciones que los países podrían implementar para acelerar su integración en la economía digital son:
Desarrollar infraestructura confiable para garantizar un mejor acceso a Internet para todos. Es necesario que los países creen las condiciones adecuadas para expandir la conectividad fortaleciendo las regulaciones que permiten a las empresas conectarse y competir; así como creando instituciones capaces y responsables para producir los mayores beneficios posibles en términos de crecimiento, empleo y servicios.
Enseñar las capacidades digitales necesarias para participar en los cinco pilares de la economía digital: infraestructura, plataformas, emprendimientos, servicios financieros y habilidades. Priorizar la educación y el uso de la ciencia de datos, la computación en la nube, la inteligencia artificial y el análisis digital avanzado.
Fomentar la inclusión digital, principalmente de las mujeres de países en desarrollo, para aprovechar las oportunidades de crecimiento que hay en muchos sectores de la economía, promoviendo la innovación y mejorando la productividad.
Cerrar la brecha digital para aprovechar plenamente las oportunidades que ofrecen Internet y las tecnologías digitales. Aunque las nuevas tecnologías se están extendiendo rápidamente por todo el mundo, 4 mil millones de personas todavía carecen de acceso a Internet.
Prepararse para los trabajos del mañana que estarán ligados a los avances tecnológicos de la llamada cuarta revolución industrial. La innovación está cambiando radicalmente la naturaleza del trabajo y la región debe aprovechar la oportunidad para colocarse a la vanguardia y cosechar sus beneficios.
La “conectividad para todos” sigue siendo un objetivo primordial y un gran desafío. Invertir en las tecnologías digitales es importante para la recuperación económica de América Latina y el Caribe. Por ejemplo, el Proyecto de Transformación Digital del Caribe Oriental es el primero financiado por el Banco Mundial para apoyar en la recuperación posCOVID-19 a través del desarrollo de la economía digital en el Caribe. Busca aumentar el acceso a servicios, tecnologías y habilidades digitales por parte de gobiernos, empresas e individuos.
La crisis por la pandemia ha demostrado que la conectividad es un bien público, por lo que es momento de buscar que las tecnologías digitales lleguen a todos. La adopción de estas puede ayudar a los países durante la fase de recuperación al crear empleos e impulsar el crecimiento; de lo contrario, pueden quedar rezagados.
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