Construcción

Determina Estudio cemento en construcción viviendas representa 5.3 % y 11.5 % costo tota

11 de enero de 2021
Equipo de Redacción
58 comentarios

Santo Domingo, R.D., Enero 10, 2021.- Si bien el cemento constituye una buena referencia sobre el comportamiento del costo en la construcción de edificaciones, en el caso de la fabricación de viviendas este producto solo representa entre un 5.3 % y 11.5 % del costo total del precio de venta, dependiendo del tipo y grado de terminación de las mismas. Así lo determina el estudio Incidencia del Cemento en las Edificaciones llevado a cabo por el Decanato de Ingenieria Civil de la Universidad Nacional Pedro Henríquez Ureña (UNPHU) a finales del año pasado, con el objetivo de conocer de manera detallada la incidencia que tiene el cemento en el costo final de diferentes tipos de edificaciones en la República Dominicana.
La investigación, solicitada por la Asociación Dominicana de Productores de Cemento Portland (ADOCEM), conllevó el investigar y analizar el costo directo de la construcción y la participación del cemento dentro del mismo, tanto en su consumo indirecto como directo, en el entendido de que éste último es el cemento adquirido en saco o a granel que se utiliza y mezcla en el sitio; en tanto que el indirecto implica cuando dicho material está contenido en blocks, concreto premezclado, etcétera. 
“Acorde a estos resultados se puede destacar por ejemplo que, en la producción de una vivienda económica, el cemento representa 11.5 % del total del precio de venta, por lo que, en consecuencia, cada 1 % de incremento en el precio del cemento repercute en 0.115 % en el precio final de la vivienda”, explica el Ing. José Adolfo Herrera, director de la Escuela de Ingeniería Civil de la UNPHU y quien estuvo a cargo del desarrollo de este estudio. 
Para realizar dicho análisis, se tomaron como referencia los presupuestos originales de ocho tipos de diferentes obras que cubrían una amplia gama, desde casas económicas unifamiliares hasta edificios en torres de apartamentos y edificios de oficinas. 
Según este informe, en las edificaciones de estrato socioeconómico de media alta (tanto viviendas como edificios), el porcentaje de peso del cemento en el total del proyecto generalmente es menor que en las edificaciones de estrato socioeconómico de media baja, debido a que, en las primeras, las terminaciones y acabados se realizan con materiales de niveles y especificaciones diferentes, cuyo costo es mayor. 
Por su parte, la directora ejecutiva de ADOCEM, licenciada Julissa Báez apuntó que “se tiene la percepción inexacta de que el costo del cemento tiene un impacto inmediato y general en el precio de las viviendas, pero realmente no es así ya que hay que tomar en cuenta otros elementos como lo serían el precio del terreno y el financiamiento, la incidencia de otros materiales, que más que cualquier otro elemento, constituyen las partes con mayor repercusión en el precio final”. 
“Se ha podido observar que en períodos en que ha existido un descenso en el valor del producto, como consecuencia de un mercado con sobre capacidad de producción y altamente competitivo como lo es el cemento, esta disminución no se refleja de manera directa en los precios de venta de la construcción privada, lo que muestra de que la incidencia del precio de cemento no tiene un impacto tan alto como en ocasiones se pudiera pensar”, enfatizó Báez. 
En el cuerpo del informe se encuentra un análisis de sensibilidad, en el que se plantean escenarios de ajustes de precio entre un 5% y 25% solo del cemento (sin considerar los demás elementos que intervienen en una construcción) lo que arrojó aumentos en el costo de las edificaciones que variarían entre un 1.33 % y un 2.84 % lo que a entender del mismo resulta en una variación poco significativa del valor total de la obra. 
El estudio está publicado en las páginas web de ambas entidades, y estará siendo utilizado como material didáctico de interés para toda la cadena de valor del sector de la construcción. Domingo 10 de enero de 2021.

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