Washington, D.C., mayo de 2021 (OPS) — La Directora de la Organización Panamericana de la Salud (OPS), Carissa F. Etienne, llamó hoy a cerrar las “flagrantes brechas” en el acceso a las vacunas contra la COVID-19 en América Latina y el Caribe y a disminuir la dependencia excesiva en las importaciones, a través de la ampliación de la capacidad de producción regional de productos médicos, incluidas las vacunas.
Tras señalar que sólo el 3% de la población de América Latina y el Caribe ha completado su esquema de vacunación contra la COVID-19 hasta el momento, la doctora Etienne afirmó que la escasez de vacunas es un “síntoma de la dependencia excesiva de América Latina y el Caribe” en las importaciones de suministros médicos esenciales. Menos del 4% de los productos médicos utilizados durante la respuesta a la COVID-19 han procedido de estos países, agregó.
“Ampliar la capacidad de América Latina y el Caribe para fabricar suministros médicos estratégicos — especialmente vacunas — es una necesidad, tanto para nuestra población como por una cuestión de seguridad de salud”.
Etienne destacó que existen las “capacidades esenciales” para ampliar tal producción: instituciones académicas y de investigación sólidas, capacidad de manufactura y sistemas reguladores, así como un mecanismo eficaz de adquisición. Argentina, Brasil, Cuba y México cuentan con instalaciones de fabricación de vacunas bien establecidas, algunas de las cuales se están actualizando para producir vacunas COVID-19, indicó.
“Debemos aumentar la producción a lo largo de toda la cadena de valor de las vacunas; desde los insumos que las componen hasta los viales y jeringas que nos ayudan a distribuirlas, sin comprometer la calidad”, aseveró.
La directora de la OPS añadió que la región debe “abrazar la promesa de las tecnologías de ARNm”, que son la base de las vacunas altamente eficaces de Moderna y Pfizer contra la COVID-19, pero que también podrían utilizarse para otras vacunas. Recalcó también que, a este respecto, “la OPS está trabajando de cerca con la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) en su centro de transferencia de tecnología de vacunas de ARNm contra la COVID-19”.
La OPS también está en conversaciones con socios regionales como el Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo (BID), la Organización de Estados Americanos (OEA) y sus Estados Miembros para asegurar que los países interesados en ampliar la manufactura de productos médicos cuenten con recursos y apoyo, manifestó Etienne. Argentina, Chile y Perú están entre los países que ya han mostrado interés.
“Para que esto funcione”, expresó, “necesitamos una escala, un compromiso de compra de productos fabricados en la región y una garantía de que los productos circularán libremente y sin restricciones de exportación — incluso durante las emergencias”. El Fondo Rotatorio de la OPS “está preparado para ayudar a adquirir y distribuir estos productos a lo largo de la región, tal como se ha hecho durante los últimos 40 años”, afirmó.
“Hace tiempo que se requiere una red de fabricación regional que se apoye en nuestras fortalezas nacionales y que esté respaldada por compromisos financieros sostenibles”, agregó. “También es nuestra mejor esperanza para una solución de largo plazo, porque COVID-19 no será el último virus que ponga a prueba nuestros sistemas de salud”.
La OPS ha entregado más de 12 millones de dosis de vacunas a países de América Latina y el Caribe adquiridas mediante el Mecanismo COVAX, la alianza mundial para la distribución equitativa de las vacunas contra la COVID-19. Otras 770 mil dosis están en camino a países de América Central y del Caribe, remarcó la directora de la OPS.
Situación epidemiológica en la región
La directora de la OPS también se refirió al elevado número de víctimas de la pandemia, acentuando que en la última semana hubo más de 1,2 millones de nuevos casos de COVID-19 y unas 31 mil muertes en el continente americano.
Aunque las infecciones por COVID-19 han disminuido en general en el último mes en la región, los nuevos casos y las muertes siguen aumentando en muchos países. En varios países del Caribe, como Bahamas, Haití y Trinidad y Tobago, se han duplicado las muertes por COVID-19 en la última semana. Costa Rica, Panamá y algunas partes de Honduras están informando de un aumento muy significativo de las nuevas infecciones.
Las infecciones están creciendo en Bolivia y Guayana Francesa, mientras que la “tendencia a la baja” de las semanas anteriores en Brasil se ha detenido. “A pesar de las reducciones generales en la mayoría de los países sudamericanos, en algunos focos de Argentina y Uruguay se duplicaron los casos y las muertes durante la última semana”, detalló.
Las condiciones de la pandemia han cambiado profundamente en Estados Unidos, “donde la cobertura generalizada [de vacunación] ha llevado a una fuerte reducción de las infecciones, muertes y hospitalizaciones por COVID-19”, dijo Etienne. “Los avances que estamos viendo en Estados Unidos son testimonio del poder de las vacunas seguras y eficaces contra la COVID, pero subrayan la importancia vital de acelerar el acceso a las vacunas en toda nuestra región, para que otros países puedan inmunizar completamente a sus poblaciones”.
“Necesitamos urgentemente más vacunas para América Latina y el Caribe, una región que ha sido puesta a prueba por esta pandemia”, subrayó.
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