Santo Domingo, República Dominicana. El Banco Central de la República Dominicana (BCRD) informa que en el mes de julio de 2021 las remesas recibidas alcanzaron una cifra de US$896.4 millones, sobrepasando en US$68.7 millones a las registradas en julio de 2020.
La institución resalta que, al contrastarlas con julio de 2019, año previo a la pandemia, las remesas de julio 2021 exhibieron un crecimiento de 40.0 %, unos US$256.1 millones más. De manera acumulada, entre enero y julio de este año, las remesas alcanzaron los US$6,159.5 millones, superiores en US$1,856.9 millones que el mismo periodo de 2020, registrando un 43.2 % de crecimiento interanual.
El BCRD destaca que este flujo de remesas enviado por la diáspora dominicana es un elemento que contribuye al gasto y la inversión, traduciéndose en una mayor demanda agregada, mitigando así la reducción de los ingresos de divisas debido el proceso de cierre del turismo por un periodo de tiempo al inicio de pandemia, favoreciendo al crecimiento económico y a mejorar los resultados de la cuenta corriente de la balanza de pagos.
Indica que la continua mejoría de las condiciones económicas de los Estados Unidos (EEUU) es uno de los principales factores que sigue incidiendo sobre el comportamiento de las remesas, ya que desde ese país provino el 84.8 % de los flujos de julio, donde residen más de 2 millones de personas de origen dominicano, según la Oficina del Censo de EEUU.
De hecho, el Fondo Monetario Internacional, en su más reciente actualización del Informe de Perspectivas de la Economía Mundial, revisó al alza su proyección de 2021 de la expansión económica de la nación norteamericana, de 6.4 % a 7.0 %, principalmente por los planes gubernamentales de impulso fiscal.
Uno de los aspectos más relevantes de la economía norteamericana se refiere al empleo, cuyas cifras indican que al mes de julio se crearon 943 mil nuevos puestos de trabajo, registrando así una tasa de desocupación de 5.4 %, un descenso de 0.5 % respecto al 5.9 % de junio. Particularmente, el desempleo de los hispanos en EEUU pasó a 6.6 % en julio de 7.4 % en el pasado mes.
El Banco Central señala que, además de los EEUU, en julio se destaca la recepción de remesas desde España en el orden de 7.2 %, país europeo con la mayor cantidad de migrantes dominicanos. Le siguen Haití e Italia con 0.9 % cada uno. El resto de la recepción de remesas se reparte entre países como Suiza, Canadá y Panamá, entre otros.
Del total de las remesas recibidas, el Distrito Nacional obtuvo la mayor proporción, un 33.7 %, seguido por las provincias Santiago y Santo Domingo, con un 14.5 % y 8.3 %, respectivamente. Esto indica que más de la mitad (56.5 %) de las remesas se recibe en zonas metropolitanas del país.
El BCRD explica que las perspectivas sobre las condiciones del sector externo dominicano se mantienen positivas ya que la efectividad del proceso de vacunación en el país, el dinamismo de las remesas, el crecimiento de las exportaciones, más el proceso de recuperación del turismo y los nuevos proyectos de inversión extranjera directa iniciados por empresas en diferentes sectores de la economía, contribuyen con un mayor flujo de divisas al país.
Esto, junto a la participación del Banco Central en el mercado cambiario a través de su Plataforma Electrónica de Negociación de Divisas, ha permitido mantener la estabilidad relativa del tipo de cambio, de tal manera que en el mes de julio la tasa de cambio se apreció un 1.9 % respecto a diciembre de 2020.
Este mayor flujo de divisas ha permitido la acumulación de reservas internacionales que superan los US$12 mil millones al cierre de julio, aproximadamente un 14 % del PIB y equivalentes a 7.0 meses de importaciones. Estas métricas superan los niveles recomendados por el FMI, contribuyendo a que la República Dominicana mantenga una posición externa favorable con perspectivas de obtener un menor déficit de cuenta corriente en 2021, en torno al 1.6 % del PIB.
El Banco Central de la República Dominicana reitera que continúa alerta para seguir tomando las medidas necesarias que garanticen la estabilidad de precios y del mercado cambiario durante el proceso de reactivación que ha iniciado la economía dominicana.
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