La directora gerente del Fondo Monetario Internacional (FMI), Kristalina Georgieva, abogó por una política fiscal expansiva para hacer frente a la pandemia del coronavirus, al pedir a los países que “gasten y gasten” y al advertir de problemas si se retiran los estímulos prematuramente.
“En términos de políticas para ahora mismo, muy inusual para el FMI, ya dije en marzo ‘por favor gasten’. Gasten lo que puedan y después gasten un poco más”, dijo en la conferencia telemática “Futuro del crecimiento económico” de la XII edición del Foro Gaidar.
“Abogué y sigo abogando por políticas monetarias acomodaticias y políticas fiscales que protejan a la economía de un colapso en un momento en el que estamos a propósito limitando tanto la producción como el consumo”, sostuvo desde Washington en el foro.
La política y economista búlgara pidió a los gobiernos y bancos centrales que no retiren demasiado pronto los estímulos.
“Tenemos que ser aún muy cuidadosos para no retirar el apoyo de manera prematura. Porque si lo hacemos tendremos una ola de insolvencias y un desempleo estructural que sería muy difícil revertir”, alertó.
Al mismo tiempo, Georgieva instó a la hora de luchar contra la peor recesión desde la Gran Depresión en pensar también en el futuro, especialmente en invertir en el capital humano, en la economía verde y en la economía digital, además de luchar contra la desigualdad.
“Debemos mirar qué paradigma de crecimiento vamos a tener después de la pandemia”, sostuvo.
Recordó que cuando asumió en octubre de 2019 su cargo habló de problemas como la baja productividad, el reducido crecimiento, el aumento de la desigualdad y una creciente crisis climática, desafíos “que no han desaparecido”.
“Podemos dar un paso valiente y centrarnos en la calidad del crecimiento y en repartir los beneficios del crecimiento de manera más equitativa (…)”, señaló la directora gerente del FMI, que considera que esta será la tarea de los políticos en 2021 y más allá.
Georgieva dijo que el haber creado un sistema bancario más fuerte tras la crisis financiera ha servido para resistir los golpes, pero que esto ya no es suficiente en el mundo actual para esquivar shocks.
“Cuando hablamos de la calidad del crecimiento hablamos de crear resistencia de manera más integral”, dijo.
Explicó que se necesitan “personas más resilientes, personas cualificadas y educadas que puedan adaptarse a unos mercados laborales cambiantes, que están sanos y que pueden confiar en una protección social si es necesario”.
Además, el mundo necesita un “planeta resiliente” mediante economías verdes bajas en carbono, y debe centrarse también en la economía digital.
Si los países no acometen esta transición, se quedarán atrás, advirtió.
La máxima responsable del FMI indicó además que la cooperación internacional debe ser una prioridad.
“Si actuamos juntos, no solo para asegurar de que todo el mundo esté vacunado para reducir las divergencias en la recuperación, sino también para impulsar el crecimiento digital y verde del futuro, entonces lograremos mucho más con la misma inversión”, recalcó.
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