El verbo iniciar, con el sentido de ‘dar comienzo, empezar’, se construye con se: se inicia algo, no inicia algo.
A propósito de la decisión del Gobierno dominicano de administrar una tercera dosis de vacuna contra el covid-19, en los medios de comunicación no es raro encontrar frases como «La jornada para la tercera dosis de la vacuna inicia tímida», «Con poca asistencia y en limitados centros inició este jueves la aplicación de la tercera dosis de vacuna contra la COVID-19 en el Distrito Nacional» o «Inicia este jueves la aplicación de la dosis de refuerzo para el personal de salud y personas con comorbilidad».
Tal como explica el Diccionario panhispánico de dudas, el verbo iniciar puede ser transitivo («La República Dominicana inicia la aplicación de la tercera dosis de vacuna contra el COVID-19») o intransitivo pronominal («A partir de hoy se inicia el proceso de distribución de las vacunas contra el COVID-19»), pero no intransitivo: algo inicia.
Teniendo en cuenta lo anterior, en los ejemplos anteriores lo adecuado habría sido escribir «La jornada para la tercera dosis de vacuna se inicia con timidez», «Con poca asistencia y en limitados centros se inició este jueves la aplicación de la tercera dosis de vacuna contra la COVID-19 en el Distrito Nacional» y «Se inicia este jueves la aplicación de la dosis de refuerzo para el personal de salud y personas con comorbilidad».
Tanto iniciar como iniciar(se) pueden sustituirse por los verbos empezar o comenzar, que sí pueden ser transitivos o intransitivos: «La República Dominicana empieza/comienza la aplicación de la tercera dosis de vacuna contra el COVID-19», «A partir de hoy empieza/comienza el proceso de distribución de las vacunas contra el COVID-19».
Fundéu Guzmán Ariza es una iniciativa de la Fundación Guzmán Ariza Pro Academia Dominicana de la Lengua, institución sin fines de lucro entre cuyos objetivos se encuentra impulsar el buen uso del español en los medios de comunicación de la República Dominicana. Cuenta con la asesoría de la Academia Dominicana de la Lengua, el Instituto Guzmán Ariza de Lexicografía y la Fundación del Español Urgente (FundéuRAE), así como con el patrocinio económico del bufete Guzmán Ariza.
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