La producción minera se ha mantenido pese a los efectos del covid-19 en República Dominicana. El año pasado las exportaciones del sector minero totalizaron más de US$1,300 millones y para este año tienen el objetivo de superar los US$1,600 millones.
En el caso del larimar y el ámbar, que se usa para la industria turística, aunque fue afectado por la pandemia, el año pasado se exportaron 10,200 kilogramos de larimar y alrededor de 400 libras de ámbar.
Así lo planteó el titular de la Dirección General de Minería (DGM), Rolando Muñoz, quien aseguró que como la extracción de ámbar y larimar se realiza de forma artesanal, no se registran grandes volúmenes, aunque existen inversionistas que algunas inversiones, no son cuantiosas.
“Esperamos que ese mercado se pueda expandir con las facilidades que establece la nueva norma, para hacer la operación más eficiente y producir más y tener una mayor oferta para el mercado”, puntualizó.
El funcionario explicó que la nueva gestión busca actualizar la Ley 146-71, promulgada en 1971, por lo cual trabaja para que en los primeros seis meses de 2021 se tenga el borrador de la nueva regulación que permitirá tener una minería acorde a los nuevos tiempos, las necesidades y la demanda del país.
La actualización mejorará la seguridad jurídica, con el objetivo de hacer al país más atractivo para los inversionistas que desean establecer sus operaciones en el mercado local.
Según Muñoz, la falta de seguridad para los inversionistas ha impedido que el país sea beneficiado con importantes inversiones, por lo que buscan crear un entorno de confianza.
Otro de los aspectos a mejorar es la parte de la permisología, ya que Minería tiene un proceso para obtener los permisos de concesión de minera que estaba generando disgustos entre las personas debido al tiempo que se tomaba en responder las solicitudes.
“Para brindar una solución inmediata, hemos creado una oficina de puerta abierta, para que cuando los inversionistas soliciten un permiso, se le pueda dar una respuesta en el menor tiempo posible, ya que antes ese proceso se tardaba varios meses”, resaltó.
En cuanto a la minería responsable, como en el país ha ido realizando procesos mineros sin una supervisión y una programación hacia el futuro, donde la pequeña minería trabajaba sin tomar en cuenta la parte medioambiental y la social, ha dejado pasivos ambientales. Según Muñoz, aunque el Estado no lo supervisaba, ahora esa parte será regulada y controlada.
Además, trabajan en crear una sinergia entre la comunidad y las empresas, para que los recursos mineros que se extraigan, dejen beneficio a sus residentes.
Implementación reglamento
Regular la minería artesanal es otro de los retos que aún enfrenta República Dominicana, aunque con la promulgación del decreto 370-19 para regular, fiscalizar, controlar y desarrollar la extracción del ámbar y larimar de forma artesanal bajo los principios de sostenibilidad, precaución, prevención y eficiencia, representó un gran avance, la nueva gestión trabajará en su implementación, ya que todavía hace falta capacitar a las personas que se dedican a esa actividad.
Según Muñoz, implementarán un programa de capacitación para los pequeños mineros que se dedican a la extracción de ámbar y el larimar, donde se han presentado graves inconvenientes, para que puedan regular sus operaciones, ayudándoles a hacer una minería más eficiente.
Afirmó que durante su visita a la mina de larimar de Barahona se encontraron graves fallas en términos operativos, por lo que trabajan en la creación de una oficina de supervisión permanente en esa mina y en la de ámbar, con un técnico capacitado en seguridad minera. “El objetivo es disminuir los riesgos que existen en ese tipo de minería. Con la presencia del experto, se entrenará a cada uno de los grupos que se dedican a extraer el ámbar y el larimar en cada una de las demarcaciones en las que operan, para que puedan seguir en búsqueda de nuevos yacimientos mineros”, dijo.
La falta de un seguro médico es una de las mayores quejas de las personas que se dedican a la minería, por lo que la DGM realizó un levantamiento de todos los mineros para ingresarlos al Seguro Nacional de Salud (SeNaSa).
Responsabilidad
En cuanto a la responsabilidad de las empresas y productores, el reglamento establece que deben formalizarse ante la Dirección General de Impuestos Internos (DGII); reportar a la Tesorería de la Seguridad Social y rendir informes periódicos al Ministerio de Energía y Minas (MEM) y la DGM.
Entre las medidas de seguridad, los productores mineros deberán monitorear los gases en los hoyos y tener sistemas de ventilación adecuados, así como construir cunetas que sirvan de desagües ante eventuales inundaciones e implementar medidas que prevengan o mitiguen el impacto ambiental.
Además, los productores mineros tendrán como obligaciones el inicio de los trabajos de excavación en los 90 días calendarios posteriores al otorgamiento del permiso; reportar semanalmente la producción de ámbar o larimar en la DGM; registrarse como contribuyente ante la DGII; transparentar las transacciones comerciales con número de comprobante fiscal (NCF).
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