París y Roma – Las organizaciones internacionales se han unido para presentar el nuevo Grupo de expertos de alto nivel sobre Una Salud, a fin de comprender mejor cómo aparecen y se propagan las enfermedades que pueden desencadenar una pandemia.
El Grupo asesorará a las cuatro organizaciones internacionales -la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS), la FAO, la Organización Mundial de Sanidad Animal (OIE) y el Programa de las Naciones Unidas para el Medio Ambiente (PNUMA)- sobre la elaboración de un plan de acción mundial a largo plazo dirigido a evitar los brotes de enfermedades como la gripe aviar H5N1, el síndrome respiratorio del Medio Oriente, la enfermedad por el virus del Ébola, la enfermedad por el virus de Zika y, posiblemente, la enfermedad por coronavirus (COVID-19). Tres cuartas partes de todas las enfermedades infecciosas emergentes se originan en animales.
El Grupo de expertos desempeñará su función en el marco del enfoque “Una salud”, que reconoce la relación existente entre la salud de las personas, de los animales y del medio ambiente, y destaca la necesidad de que haya especialistas en múltiples sectores que se encarguen de abordar las amenazas sanitarias y prevenir la perturbación de los sistemas agroalimentarios.
Los primeros pasos clave serán analizar de forma sistemática los conocimientos científicos sobre los factores que determinan la transmisión de una enfermedad de los animales a los humanos y viceversa, realizar una evaluación del riesgo y elaborar marcos de vigilancia, determinar las lagunas en la capacidad y acordar buenas prácticas para prevenir los brotes de enfermedades zoonóticas y prepararse ante ellos.
El Grupo considerará los efectos de la actividad antrópica en el medio ambiente y los hábitats de la fauna y flora silvestres. Los ámbitos críticos serán la producción y distribución de alimentos; la urbanización y la modernización de infraestructuras; los viajes y el comercio internacionales; las actividades que conllevan la pérdida de biodiversidad y el cambio climático, y las actividades que ejercen una mayor presión en la base de recursos naturales, ya que todos ellos pueden propiciar la aparición de enfermedades zoonóticas.
El Grupo orientará la elaboración de un nuevo programa de investigación dinámico y formulará recomendaciones basadas en hechos objetivos para la acción en los planos mundial, regional, nacional y local.
El Dr. Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, Director General de la OMS, dijo: “La salud humana depende del contexto al igual que nuestros esfuerzos por protegerla y promoverla. Los estrechos vínculos entre la salud de las personas, de los animales y del medio ambiente hacen necesario que los sectores pertinentes mantengan una colaboración, comunicación y coordinación intensas. El Grupo de expertos de alto nivel es una iniciativa muy necesaria para transformar el concepto Una Salud en políticas concretas que salvaguarden la salud de la población mundial”.
El Dr. QU Dongyu, Director General de la FAO, dijo al Grupo en su primera reunión: “Este Grupo contribuirá a llevar a cabo el programa Una Salud, ya que ayudará a comprender mejor las causas profundas de la aparición y propagación de las enfermedades y proporcionará información para que los órganos de decisión puedan prevenir riesgos de salud pública a largo plazo. Los animo a ser el ejemplo modélico de la descompartimentación, el pensamiento sistémico y el diálogo abierto. Las expectativas de la acción colectiva y la necesidad de colaborar eficazmente nunca han sido mayores”.
La Dra. Monique Éloit, Directora General de la OIE señaló: “La pandemia de la COVID-19 es un duro recordatorio de que la colaboración entre sectores es absolutamente decisiva para lograr la salud mundial. El recién establecido Grupo de expertos de alto nivel sobre Una Salud contribuirá a aglutinar diversos conocimientos científicos. Unidos, podremos prever mejor las amenazas sanitarias mundiales y trabajar para controlar los riesgos en su origen en los animales. Nuestra organización está orgullosa de proporcionar conocimientos de alto nivel, junto con nuestros asociados, para elaborar estrategias y programas en relación con Una Salud basados en principios científicos”.
El Sr. Inger Andersen, Director Ejecutivo del PNUMA, observó: “Para acabar con la triple crisis planetaria del cambio climático, la pérdida de biodiversidad y la contaminación que amenaza nuestra paz y prosperidad, debemos entender que la salud de las personas, la de los animales y la del planeta van de la mano. Hemos de hacer más por fomentar medidas transformadoras que ataquen las causas profundas de la destrucción de la naturaleza. El Grupo de expertos de alto nivel sobre “Una salud” es un paso importante en el reconocimiento de los complejos problemas multidisciplinarios que se generan en los ámbitos en que interaccionan la salud de las personas, la de los animales y la del medio ambiente”.
Francia y Alemania también respaldaron la presentación del Grupo de alto nivel de expertos sobre Una Salud:
El Sr. Jean-Yves Le Drian, Ministro para Europa y de Relaciones Exteriores de Francia, observó: “La pandemia de la COVID-19, de cuyo origen animal se tienen serias sospechas, subraya cuán intensa es la relación entre la salud de las personas, de los animales y del medio ambiente. Asimismo, pone de manifiesto la importancia del enfoque ‘Una salud’. Es en este contexto que Francia, junto con Alemania, propuso la creación de este Grupo de expertos en la reunión de la Alianza por el Multilateralismo organizada con motivo del Foro de París sobre la Paz el 12 de noviembre de 2020”.
El Sr. Heiko Maas, Ministro de Relaciones Exteriores de Alemania, dijo: “La COVID-19 nos ha recordado dolorosamente que la salud de los humanos, los animales y del medio ambiente en todo el mundo están estrechamente conectadas: nadie estará a salvo hasta que todos lo estén. Esto es lo que hemos de tener presente para prevenir futuras pandemias. En consecuencia, el establecimiento del Grupo de expertos de alto nivel sobre Una Salud es un paso importante en la dirección correcta. Alemania y Francia seguirán prestando apoyo a la labor del Grupo”.
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